E-Bike Front Fork 101

What is an E-Bike Fork?

The e-bike front fork is a key component connecting the frame and the front wheel, and plays the following roles in an electric bike:

• Supporting the front wheel: The front fork bears the weight of the front wheel and the impact force from the road and transmits it to the frame.
• Steering front wheel: The front fork is connected to the handlebars, and the steering of the front wheel can be controlled by turning the handlebars.
• Absorb road shock: The suspension front fork can absorb road shock and make riding more comfortable.

Types of e-bike forks

The front fork of electric bicycles can be divided into the following types according to the structural form:

• Shouldered fork: The fork top and down tube form a “shoulder” at the top, commonly used on urban commuter bikes and road bikes.
• Crownless fork: The upper tube and lower tube of the fork are directly connected, without a “shoulder”, usually used for mountain bikes and off-road bikes.
• Suspension front fork: It has springs or hydraulic suspensions inside, which can absorb the vibration of the road and improve riding comfort. suspension front forks are usually used in mountain bikes and off-road vehicles.
• Three-post front fork: consists of three front fork tubes and is usually used in heavy-load or special-purpose electric bicycles.
• Thru-axle fork: The fork tube and axle are an integrated design, usually used in high-performance electric bicycles.

Types of shock absorption for electric bicycle front forks

There are mainly the following types of shock absorption:

• Spring suspension: These forks use springs to absorb shocks. The stiffness of the spring can usually be adjusted by turning a knob. The knob is usually located on the top or bottom of the fork. Turning the knob clockwise will make the spring stiffer while turning it counterclockwise will make the spring softer.
• Hydraulic suspension: The most common form of shock absorption, which generates damping force by the flow of oil in the cylinder. Hydraulic suspensions have a simple structure and low cost, but their damping characteristics are relatively poor.
• Pneumatic(air)suspension: uses high-pressure gas to generate damping force. The damping characteristics of pneumatic suspensions are adjustable, but the structure is complex and the cost is high.

The structure and working principle of the spring suspension front fork of an electric bike

The spring suspension front fork of an electric bicycle is mainly composed of the following components:

• Fork Stem: The fork stem is the main body of the front fork, connecting the frame to the front wheel.
• Fork Crown: The fork crown is the part that connects the fork seat tube to the shock leg.
• Shock Leg: The shock leg is the component that contains the spring and damper.
• Spring: Springs are used to absorb impact energy.
• Damper: A damper is used to control the compression and rebound speed of a spring.

The working principle of the spring suspension front fork of an electric bicycle is as follows:

1. When the front wheel encounters a shock, the fork legs compress, compressing the spring.
2. The spring stores the impact energy as it compresses.
3. The damper controls the rate at which the spring compresses to prevent the fork from over-compressing or rebounding.
4. When the impact disappears, the spring releases the stored energy, and the fork rebounds to its original position.

The advantages of the spring suspension front fork are simple structure and low cost. However, its disadvantage is that the damping effect is poor, and it is easy to feel bumpy when riding on rough roads.

Spring suspension front fork maintenance

Cleaning

• Cleaning the fork regularly can prevent dirt such as dust and sand from entering the fork and causing wear or corrosion. When cleaning the fork, you can use soapy water and a soft cloth. For stubborn stains, you can use a special bicycle cleaner.
• After cleaning the fork, wipe off all moisture and apply a small amount of lubricant to prevent rust.

Examining

• Check the front fork regularly for damage or leaks. When checking the front fork, pay attention to the following points:
  • Check for cracks or bends in the front fork.
  • Check whether there is any oil leakage from the front fork.
  • Check whether the spring of the front fork is rusted.
• If any damage or leaks are found, stop using the fork immediately and contact a qualified service representative for repair.

Lubricating

• Regularly lubricating the fork can reduce friction and make the fork work more smoothly. When lubricating the fork, you should use a special fork lubricant.
• The specific steps for lubricating the front fork are as follows:
  1. Remove the front fork.
  2. Clean the old lubricant from inside the fork.
  3. Apply new lubricant to the sliding parts of the front fork.
  4. Reassemble the fork

The structure and working principle of hydraulic suspension front fork

Hydraulic suspension front fork is the most commonly used front fork type for electric bicycles. Its structure and working principle are as follows:

Structure

The hydraulic suspension front fork is mainly composed of the following components:

• Front fork tube: The component that connects the frame to the front wheel, usually made of steel tube or aluminum alloy.
• Inner Barrel: The component that fits inside the fork tube and contains the hydraulic fluid and piston.
• Piston: Moves up and down in the inner cylinder, dividing the inner cylinder into two chambers, upper and lower.
• Piston valve: controls the flow of hydraulic oil between the upper and lower chambers.
• Spring: provides elastic force for the suspension.
• Guide sleeve: guides the front fork tube to move up and down.
• Oil seal: prevent hydraulic oil leakage.

Working principle

When the electric bicycle encounters a road impact, the front fork tube moves up and down. During the up-and-down movement of the inner tube, the piston drives the hydraulic oil to flow between the upper and lower chambers.

• Compression stroke: When the front fork tube is compressed, the piston moves upward and the hydraulic oil is pressed into the upper chamber. Due to the damping effect of the piston valve, the hydraulic oil cannot flow back to the lower chamber quickly, thus generating a damping force, hindering the compression speed of the front fork tube and playing a shock-absorbing role.
• Rebound stroke: When the front fork tube rebounds, the piston moves downward and the hydraulic oil is pressed into the lower chamber. Due to the action of the spring, the piston automatically returns to the middle position and presses the hydraulic oil back into the upper chamber.

Through the flow of hydraulic oil and the action of the spring, the hydraulic suspension front fork can effectively absorb road impact and improve riding comfort.

The damping characteristics of the hydraulic suspension front fork can be adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the piston valve. The larger the opening, the smaller the damping force; the smaller the opening, the greater the damping force.

Maintenance of hydraulic suspension front fork

Hydraulic suspension front fork is the most commonly used front fork type for electric bicycles. Its maintenance is extremely important, which can effectively extend the service life of the suspension front fork and improve riding comfort and safety.

Daily maintenance

• Clean the surface of the suspension front fork regularly to remove dirt such as sand and dust.
• Check the suspension front fork for oil leakage. If there is oil leakage, it should be repaired in time.
• Check whether the damping of the suspension front fork is normal. If the damping is too large or too small, it should be adjusted.

Regular maintenance

• The suspension front fork should be disassembled and maintained every 2000-3000 kilometers.
• When disassembling for maintenance, parts such as suspension oil, oil seals, and gaskets should be replaced.
• Clean and lubricate the internal parts of the shock fork.

Disassembly and maintenance steps

1. Remove the shock fork.
2. Clean the internal parts of the shock fork.
3. Replace suspension oil, oil seals, gaskets, and other parts.
4. Assemble the shock fork.
5. Install the suspension front fork.

Precautions

• When disassembling and maintaining the suspension front fork, operate strictly under the operation manual.
• When replacing suspension oil, use the original suspension oil or oil that meets the original specifications.
• When installing the suspension front fork, pay attention to ensuring that the front fork is correctly connected to the frame and the front wheel.

Here are some tips for maintaining hydraulic suspension front forks:

• When cleaning the surface of the suspension fork, you can use soapy water or neutral detergent, and avoid using corrosive solvents.
• When checking whether the suspension front fork is leaking oil, you can use a clean rag to wipe the surface of the suspension front fork to see if there is any oil stain.
• When adjusting the damping of the suspension front fork, you should adjust it according to your riding habits. Generally speaking, too much damping will easily lead to a harder shock absorption effect, and too little damping will easily lead to a softer shock absorption effect.

The structure and working principle of the air suspension front fork

Air suspension front forks are another common type of electric bicycle front fork, and their structure and working principle are different from those of hydraulic suspension front forks.

Structure

The air suspension front fork is mainly composed of the following components:

• Front fork tube: The component that connects the frame to the front wheel, usually made of steel tube or aluminum alloy.
• Inner Barrel: The component that fits inside the fork tube and contains the air and piston.
• Piston: Moves up and down in the inner cylinder, dividing the inner cylinder into two chambers, upper and lower.
• Piston Valve: Controls the flow of air between the upper and lower chambers.
• Spring: Provides preload to the suspension.
• Guide sleeve: guides the front fork tube to move up and down.
• Oil seal: prevent air leakage.

Working principle

The shock absorption effect of the pneumatic suspension front fork is mainly achieved by air. When the electric bicycle encounters a road impact, the front fork tube moves up and down. During the up-and-down movement of the inner tube, the piston compresses or releases the air.

• Compression stroke: When the front fork tube is compressed, the piston compresses the air, causing the air pressure to rise. Due to the damping effect of the piston valve, the air cannot flow back to the lower chamber quickly, thus generating a damping force, hindering the compression speed of the front fork tube and playing a shock-absorbing role.
• Rebound stroke: When the front fork tube rebounds, the piston releases air, causing the air pressure to drop. Due to the action of the spring, the piston automatically returns to the middle position and presses the air back into the upper chamber.

Through the compression and release of air, the air suspension front fork can effectively absorb road impact and improve riding comfort.

The damping characteristics of an air shock fork can be adjusted by adjusting the air pressure and the size of the piston valve opening. The higher the air pressure, the greater the damping force; the larger the piston valve opening, the smaller the damping force.

Maintenance and care of air suspension front forks

The pneumatic suspension front fork is another common type of electric bicycle front fork. Its maintenance is also crucial, which can effectively extend the service life of the suspension front fork and improve riding comfort and safety.

Daily maintenance

• Clean the surface of the suspension front fork regularly to remove dirt such as sand and dust.
• Check the suspension front fork for air leakage. If there is air leakage, it should be repaired in time.
• Check whether the air pressure of the suspension front fork is normal. If the air pressure is too high or too low, it should be adjusted.

Regular maintenance

• The suspension front fork should be disassembled and maintained every 1000-1500 kilometers.
• When disassembling for maintenance, check whether the internal parts of the suspension front fork are worn or damaged, and replace them if necessary.
• Clean and lubricate the internal parts of the shock fork.

Disassembly and maintenance steps

1. Remove the shock fork.
2. Clean the internal parts of the shock fork.
3. Check the internal parts of the shock fork for wear or damage and replace them if necessary.
4. Assemble the shock fork.
5. Install the suspension front fork.

Precautions

• When disassembling and maintaining the air suspension front fork, operate strictly by the operation manual.
• When inflating, use a high-pressure pump and be careful not to over-inflate.
• When installing the suspension front fork, pay attention to ensuring that the front fork is correctly connected to the frame and the front wheel.

Here are some tips for maintaining your pneumatic shock fork:

• When cleaning the surface of the suspension fork, you can use soapy water or neutral detergent, and avoid using corrosive solvents.
• When checking whether the suspension front fork has air leakage, you can apply soapy water to the connection of the suspension front fork and observe whether there are bubbles.
• When adjusting the air pressure of the suspension front fork, you should adjust it according to your riding habits. Generally speaking, the higher the air pressure, the harder the shock absorption effect; the lower the air pressure, the softer the shock absorption effect.

Comparison of spring suspension front fork, hydraulic suspension front fork, and air suspension front fork

The spring suspension front fork has a simple structure and low cost, but poor damping effect and is suitable for flat roads and slightly bumpy roads.

Hydraulic suspension front fork absorbs vibrations by utilizing the damping effect generated when hydraulic oil flows in a confined space. The hydraulic suspension front fork has a simple structure, low cost, and easy maintenance, but its damping characteristics are greatly affected by temperature and have a slow response speed. The hydraulic suspension front fork is more suitable for rugged roads and low-speed driving.

Pneumatic suspension front fork uses the elastic effect of compressed air to absorb vibration. The pneumatic suspension front fork is easy to adjust, has strong adaptability, and is light in weight, but it needs to be inflated regularly and has high sealing requirements. The pneumatic suspension front fork is more suitable for various road surfaces and high-speed driving.

Here is some additional information:

• The damping characteristics of the hydraulic suspension front fork can be adjusted by adjusting the viscosity or structure of the internal hydraulic oil.
• The damping characteristics of a gas shock fork can be adjusted by adjusting the air pressure.
• The response speed of the hydraulic suspension front fork can be adjusted by adjusting the internal valve.
• The response speed of the air shock fork can be adjusted by adjusting the damper.

How to adjust ebike suspension forks

Adjusting Spring Forks

The only adjustment you can make on a spring fork is preload. Preload is the amount of force that is applied to the spring before it starts to compress. Too much preload will make the fork stiff and harsh, while too little preload will allow the fork to bottom out easily.

To adjust preload, you’ll need a wrench to turn the preload knob or bolt. The location of the preload knob or bolt will vary depending on the fork model.

Adjusting Hydraulic Forks

Hydraulic forks typically have two main adjustments:

Preload: Preload is the same as on a spring fork.

Rebound damping: Rebound damping controls how quickly the fork rebounds after it has been compressed. Slower rebound damping will make the fork feel more plush and forgiving, while faster rebound damping will make the fork feel more responsive.

To adjust preload and rebound damping, you’ll need knobs or levers located on the top of the fork. The location and operation of these knobs and levers will vary depending on the fork model.

Adjusting Air Forks

Air forks typically have two main adjustments:

• Air pressure: Air pressure is the amount of air that is in the fork’s air chamber. More air pressure will make the fork firmer, while less air pressure will make the fork softer.
• Rebound damping: Rebound damping is the same as on a hydraulic fork.

To adjust air pressure and rebound damping, you’ll need a pump and knobs or levers located on the top of the fork. The location and operation of these knobs and levers will vary depending on the fork model.

General Fork Adjustment Tips

• Read your fork’s owner’s manual before making any adjustments.
• Start with the baseline settings and make small adjustments from there.
• Test ride your bike after each adjustment to see how it feels.
• Adjust your fork based on your weight, riding style, and terrain conditions.

Additional Tips

• Heavier riders may need more preload than lighter riders.
• You may need more rebound damping when riding on rough terrain than on smooth terrain.
• Regularly service your fork to keep it working properly and performing at its best.

Front fork upgrade instructions

To ensure you make the right choice for your upgrade fork, you need to know the following dimensions when shopping for a fork to match your original e-bike:

Fork tube diameter: This refers to the diameter of the fork tube where it inserts into the head tube of your frame. The most common sizes are 28.6mm and 31.8mm. You will want to choose a fork tube that is compatible with your frame’s head tube.

Fork length: This refers to the distance from the fork axle to the fork crown. Fork length affects the geometry and handling of the bike. You need to choose a fork that is compatible with your frame.

Fork offset: This refers to the distance between the fork axle and the centerline of the fork tubes. Fork offset affects the stability and handling of your bike. You need to choose a fork with an offset that is compatible with your frame.

Disc brake mounts: If you use disc brakes, you’ll want to choose a fork with compatible disc brake mounts.

Rim size: You need to choose a fork that is compatible with your rim size. The most common rim sizes are 20″, 26″, 27.5″ and 29″.

Here are some additional things to look for when shopping for an upgraded fork:

• Fork Type: There are different types of forks available, such as cyclocross forks, road forks, and touring forks. You need to choose the type that suits your riding needs.
• Materials: Forks are made from a variety of materials, such as steel, aluminum, and carbon fiber. Different materials have different weight, strength, and stiffness properties. You need to choose a material that fits your budget and needs.
• Brand: There are many different brands of forks to choose from. You need to choose a brand that has a good reputation and provides quality products.

Before making a final decision, it is recommended that you consult with a professional at a bike shop. They can help you choose the right upgrade fork for your specific needs.

Hydraulic and pneumatic suspension front fork brands

Hydraulic suspension front fork brand

The following are some well-known hydraulic suspension front fork brands in the US market:

RockShox: RockShox is one of the most well-known bicycle suspension brands in the U.S. They produce a wide range of hydraulic shock forks, from entry-level forks suitable for off-road to high-end forks suitable for professional racing.

Fox Racing Shox: Fox Racing Shox is another well-known bicycle suspension brand from the U.S. The hydraulic shock forks they produce are known for their high performance and durability.

Manitou: Manitou is an American bicycle suspension brand known for its innovative designs and high-performance forks.

DVO Suspension: DVO Suspension is a newer American bicycle suspension brand, but they have quickly gained a reputation for producing high-quality, high-performance forks.

SR Suntour: SR Suntour is a Taiwanese bicycle suspension brand known for its affordable forks.

Air suspension front fork brand

Here are some of the well-known air shock fork brands on the US market:

RockShox: RockShox also makes a variety of gas-charged shock forks, from entry-level forks for cross-country use to high-end forks for professional racing.

Fox Racing Shox: Fox Racing Shox also makes gas-charged shock forks, known for their high performance and durability.

Manitou: Manitou also makes air shock forks and is known for its innovative designs and high-performance forks.

 DT Swiss: DT Swiss is a Swiss bicycle component company that produces a wide range of air suspension forks.

 Marzocchi: Marzocchi is an Italian bicycle component company that makes a variety of air suspension forks.

Advantages of non-suspension front forks

Non-suspension front fork, also known as a rigid fork, is a front fork without a suspension function. Compared with a suspension front fork, a non-suspension front fork has the following advantages:

Lighter weight: Non-suspension forks are generally lighter than suspension forks because they have no damping device. This makes them more suitable for types of cycling that require fast acceleration and climbing, such as road bikes and mountain bikes.

More rigid: Non-shock forks have a simpler structure and are therefore more rigid. This allows them to provide better handling during cornering and braking.

Lower maintenance cost: Non-suspension forks do not have complicated shock absorption devices, so they are simpler and cheaper to maintain.

Lower Price: Non-suspension forks are generally cheaper than suspension forks due to lower manufacturing costs.

Non-suspension forks are more suitable for the following types of riders:

• Road cyclists: Road cyclists need to accelerate and climb quickly, so they will appreciate the lightness and stiffness of a non-suspension fork.
• Mountain bikers: Mountain bikers need good handling when riding on rough terrain, so they will also appreciate the stiffness of a non-suspension fork.
• Commuters: Commuters usually ride on well-paved roads, so they don’t need the cushioning that a suspension fork provides.
• Riders on a Budget: Non-suspension forks are generally cheaper than suspension forks, so they are a good choice for riders on a budget.

Of course, non-suspension forks do have some disadvantages. Since they have no suspension function, they cannot absorb road shock, so the ride may be more uncomfortable, especially when riding on rough terrain. In addition, non-suspension forks may be more easily damaged because they cannot absorb shock.

In general, non-suspension front forks are a type of bicycle fork that offers several advantages. They are lighter, more rigid, require less maintenance, and are less expensive. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as a lack of shock absorption and being more susceptible to damage.

What are the materials of the front fork?

The materials of the front fork are mainly the following:

• Steel: Steel is the earliest material used to make front forks, with advantages such as high strength and low price. However, steel is also relatively heavy, so it is now mainly used to make low-end front forks.

• Aluminum alloy: Aluminum alloy is the most commonly used front fork material, with advantages such as lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance. There are many types of aluminum alloy front forks, and the prices vary greatly.

• Carbon fiber: Carbon fiber is a new material used to manufacture front forks in recent years, with the advantages of lightweight, high strength, and good rigidity. However, the price of carbon fiber front forks is also relatively expensive.

• Titanium alloy:Titanium alloy is a high-strength, high-corrosion-resistant material with good biocompatibility. Titanium alloy front forks are mainly used in high-end mountain bikes and road bikes.

• Magnesium alloy: Magnesium alloy is a light and high-strength material, but its corrosion resistance is poor. Magnesium alloy front forks are mainly used in high-end mountain bikes.

Front forks made of different materials have different advantages and disadvantages, so when choosing a front fork, you should choose according to your needs and budget.

• Steel front fork: The advantages are low price and high strength; the disadvantages are heavy weight and poor comfort.
• Aluminum alloy front fork: The advantages are lightweight, high strength, and moderate price; the disadvantage is slightly poor rigidity.
• Carbon fiber front fork: The advantages are lightweight, high strength, and good rigidity; the disadvantage is the high price.
• Titanium alloy front fork: The advantages are lightweight, high strength, and good corrosion resistance; the disadvantage is the high price.
• Magnesium alloy front fork: The advantages are lightweight and high strength; the disadvantages are poor corrosion resistance and high price.

Here is some additional information about the fork material:

• The material of the front fork will affect its performance such as weight, strength, rigidity, corrosion resistance, and price.
• When choosing a fork, you should choose it based on your riding needs and budget.
• Steel forks are suitable for riders on a budget.
• Aluminum forks are the best choice for most riders.
• Carbon forks are for riders who demand the ultimate in performance.
• Titanium forks are suitable for high-end mountain bikes and road bikes.
• The magnesium alloy fork is suitable for mountain bikers who are looking for lightweight.

How is the performance of the electric bicycle front fork reflected?

• Shock absorption: Shock absorption refers to the ability of the front fork to absorb shock and vibration from the road. A front fork with good shock absorption can make riding more comfortable, especially when riding on rough roads.
• Handling: Handling refers to the responsiveness and flexibility of the fork when turning and braking. A fork with good handling can make riding safer and more confident.
• Stiffness: Stiffness refers to the ability of the fork to resist deformation. A stiff fork can make riding more efficient, especially when accelerating and climbing.
• Weight: Weight refers to the weight of the fork itself. A light fork can make the e-bike lighter, thus improving riding efficiency.
• Durability: Durability refers to the ability of the fork to resist wear and damage. A fork with good durability can extend its service life and reduce maintenance costs.

Factors affecting the performance of electric bicycle front forks

The following factors can affect the performance of an e-bike fork:

• Fork type: As mentioned above, a suspension fork absorbs bumps better than a non-suspension fork, but is slightly less rigid.
• Front fork material: Steel front fork has the best rigidity but is also the heaviest; aluminum alloy front fork has moderate weight and rigidity; carbon fiber front fork is the lightest and has good rigidity but is expensive.
• Fork design: The structure and design of the fork will also affect its performance. For example, the length of the fork’s travel will affect its shock absorption; the offset of the fork will affect its handling.
• Fork manufacturing process: The manufacturing process of the fork will also affect its performance. For example, the welding quality will affect the rigidity of the fork; the surface treatment process will affect the durability of the fork.

Key Takeaways

Types of Electric Bicycle Front Forks

• Rigid fork (shouldered fork, crownless fork): Simplest and cheapest, good for smooth roads.
• Suspension fork: Provides better comfort and handling on rough roads.
  • Spring suspension fork: Simplest suspension fork, uses a spring to absorb shock.
  • Hydraulic suspension fork: The most common suspension fork, uses hydraulic oil to damp shock.
  • Air suspension fork (air suspension fork): Uses compressed air to damp shock, lightest weight option.
• Three-post fork: Used for heavy-duty electric bikes.
• Thru-axle fork: Used for high-performance electric bikes.

Shock Absorption Mechanisms

• Spring: Absorbs shock by compressing, simple and cheap but with poor damping effect.
• Hydraulic oil: Provides controlled damping through flow in a cylinder.
• Compressed air: Lightweight and adjustable, but requires regular inflation.

Front Fork Maintenance

• Regularly clean and inspect for damage, leaks, or rust.
• Lubricate regularly for smooth operation (suspension forks only).
• Disassemble and perform maintenance periodically (suspension forks only).

Upgrading Front Forks

• Consider factors like fork tube diameter, fork length, fork offset, disc brake mounts, and rim size.
• Choose between different fork types, materials (steel, aluminum alloy, carbon fiber, etc.), and brands.
• Consult with a professional at a bike shop for recommendations.

Popular Hydraulic Suspension Fork Brands

• RockShox
• Fox Racing Shox
• Manitou
• DVO Suspension
• SR Suntour

Popular Air Suspension Fork Brands

• RockShox
• Fox Racing Shox
• Manitou
• DT Swiss
• Marzocchi

Advantages of Non-suspension Forks (Rigid Forks)

• Lighter weight
• More rigid for better handling and climbing
• Lower maintenance cost
• Lower price

Disadvantages of Non-suspension Forks

• Less comfortable ride on rough terrain
• More susceptible to damage

Front Fork Materials

• Steel: Strong and cheap, but heavy (mostly used in low-end forks)
• Aluminum alloy: Lightweight, strong, and corrosion-resistant (most common)
• Carbon fiber: Lightweight, strong, and stiff (expensive)
• Titanium alloy: Strong, lightweight, and corrosion-resistant (high-end)
• Magnesium alloy: Lightweight and strong, but poor corrosion resistance (high-end)

Choosing a Front Fork

• Consider your riding needs (comfort vs handling, performance vs budget)
• Material: steel for budget, aluminum for most riders, carbon fiber for high-performance, titanium or magnesium for high-end lightweight needs.

Electric Bike Front Fork Performance

• Shock absorption
• Handling
• Stiffness
• Weight
• Durability
• Factors Affecting Front Fork Performance
• Fork type (suspension vs rigid)
• Material
• Design (travel length, offset)
• Manufacturing process

henry

Marketing and Sales Manager at Jieli Electric | Website | + posts

Sales Manager at Jieli Electric Bikes.
Near 10 years experience in electric bike industry, researching/marketing/promoting e-bike is my daily life.

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